Management in PA has more resources to develop crew (can develop them to advanced investment groups on-site). AZ and NC develop structural attrition due to lack of Investment Management jobs. Phone-group management gives pushback when someone attempts to get a CFA (as they have nowhere to promote you to). After passing level 2 or 3, these reps or traders are hired away at a hefty premium. There is an Acceleration to Finance Professional program in PA, and a Vanguard Accelerated Development Program for Investment Management. No such program exists in Arizona or North Carolina. I know of 4 people in phone groups who left Vanguard after passing Level 3 of the CFA because they could not get the 48 month work experience in their phone roles. There was no push to place them, and not positions to fill.