1. What is software testing? Why is it required? → Explain defect detection, quality assurance, risk reduction, and customer satisfaction. 2. What is the difference between Verification and Validation? → Verification = “Are we building the product right?” → Validation = “Are we building the right product?” 3. What is the difference between Severity and Priority? → Severity = impact of defect → Priority = urgency to fix 4. What is a Test Case? What are its main components? → Test case ID, precondition, steps, test data, expected result, actual result, status.